![]() ![]() Iron is the most abundant naturally occurring metal on Earth. While the name of element 26 comes from the Anglo-Saxon word ‘ iren ‘ which possibly means ‘ iron weapon ’, the symbol of this chemical element (Fe) is derived from the Latin word ‘ ferrum ’, meaning ‘ iron ’. Iron’s main application in those times was for building railways with iron rails, bridges, and tunnels. That’s how a new industrial era begins in which iron production becomes one of the main sources for the rapidly growing economy and industrialization. This prehistoric period that started between 1200 BC and 600 BC marks the time in history when people started using iron to make simple weapons and tools.ĭuring the 1850s, the scientists of the time discovered that iron becomes more durable if a little bit of carbon was added to it. Though it’s been around since the formation of planet Earth, ancient civilizations didn’t utilize iron until some time around 2000 BC, when the Iron Age replaced the Bronze Era. In other words, this chemical element is older than our planet. When a supernova explodes, it scatters iron, oxygen, and carbon atoms all over outer space, and by the force of gravity, it lands on other planets, asteroids, and meteors. How Was Iron Discovered?Įlement 26 is one of the elements that have been born in the Universe by the supernova explosions of mass stars. Being a member of the transition metals family of elements, this element has two valence electrons and numerous naturally occurring compounds. ![]() It’s also an excellent conductor of electricity and heat. Iron exists in 4 crystalline forms and possesses a ferromagnetic ability. This member of the transition metals family of elements has an electronegativity of 1.8 according to Pauling, whereas the atomic radius according to van der Waals is 0.126 nm. It reaches its boiling point at 2861☌, 5182☏, 3134 K, while the melting point is achieved at 1538☌, 2800☏, 1811 K. With the periodic table symbol Fe, atomic number 26, atomic mass of 55.85 g.mol -1, and electron configuration 3d 6 4s 2, iron is a ductile, malleable, lustrous silver-gray metal. The energy of the third ionization: 2951 kJ.mol -1 The energy of the second ionization: 1556.5 kJ.mol -1 The energy of the first ionization: 761 kJ.mol -1 Half-life: From 1.89(49) milliseconds to 2.6 million yearsĮlectronegativity according to Pauling: 1.8 Physical state: Solid at room temperature The symbol in the periodic table of elements: FeĬolor: Iron black, dark gray, steel gray with metallic luster Fact Box Chemical and Physical Properties of Iron In this way, iron provides energy for the skeletal muscles, responsible for our physical movement. By binding to oxygen molecules, iron in our blood supports the diffusion of oxygen to all systems, tissues, and organs of the body. Its presence in our blood is critical for the proper functioning of the brain, muscles, and red blood cells. Iron is the most vitally important component of the hemoproteins hemoglobin and myoglobin. With an abundance of about 35% in both Earth’s inner and outer core, Fe is the fourth most abundant chemical element in Earth’s crust and the most common chemical element on Earth. Iron is a chemical element with the atomic number 26 in the periodic table. ![]()
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